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Research concerned with the links between child sexual abuse and later outcomes covers a broad range of areas and methodologies.
It starts with a discussion of the methodological issues posed by this area of research and concludes with some of the gender differences and conceptual challenges presented by the findings of this body of research.ĭetermining the association between child sexual abuse and later outcomes This paper outlines the findings of a range of research studies since then concerning mental health and functioning for survivors of child sexual abuse. In addition, there is more recent awareness of the continuing and long-term impact on those who were sexually abused as children or adolescents in societal institutions, such as the Catholic Church and the Scouts, as well as the failure of those institutions to deal with these allegations over a number of decades (Fogler, Shipherd, Clarke, Jensen, & Rowe, 2008).Īs Mullen and Fleming (1998) outlined more than a decade ago, there is a consistent picture of significant links between a history of child sexual abuse and a range of adverse outcomes both in childhood and adulthood. There has also been more attention to the scientific rigour of studies and to the conceptual underpinnings of these effects. What do we know now about the long-term impact of child sexual abuse? Since the 1998 NCPC Issues Paper (Mullen & Fleming, 1998) and a number of earlier reviews (e.g., Browne & Finkelhor, 1986 Beitchmann et al., 1992 Green, 1993) on this topic, there have been numerous studies across a range of areas that highlight the long-term impact of child sexual abuse on mental health and social, sexual and interpersonal functioning as well as physical health. Aspects of the abuse, including the relationship with the perpetrator and the betrayal of trust, the age and gender of the child, and the particular form of abuse are significant factors.It is not straightforward to tease out the effects of child sexual abuse and other adverse experiences in childhood and adulthood (including being victimised again), but more recent rigorous research is better able to do so.Male and female victims may be impacted in different ways. Recent research indicates that male victims are less likely to disclose their abuse and take longer to do so.Not all victims experience these difficulties - family support and strong peer relationships appear to be important in buffering the impact.The research on the longer-term impact of child sexual abuse indicates that there may be a range of negative consequences for mental health and adjustment in childhood, adolescence and adulthood.Child sexual abuse (CSA) covers a broad range of sexual activities perpetrated against children, mostly by someone known and trusted by the child.
It is proposed that the age at the first conscious ejaculation be used as an index of maturation in male puberty. There was no correlation between the age at first ejaculation and testicular volume, pubic hair or penis length. Despite a wide range in the chronological age at occurrence of the first conscious ejaculation, the mean bone age in all groups, including that with delayed puberty, was 13 1/2 +/- 1/2 years (SD), with a range between 12 1/2-15 1/2 years. (2) A group of 135 boys examined and questioned at their school served as additional controls. All underwent a complete physical examination at intervals of 3 to 6 months, and in most a wrist X-ray was made within three months of the first ejaculation. The age of occurrence of the first conscious ejaculation was registered in 263 boys belonging to two categories: (1) 128 boys (70 normal controls, 22 boys with unilateral cryptorchidism with normal puberty, and 36 boys with delayed puberty) who had been under regular follow-up throughout puberty.